Laser induced autofluorescence studies of animal skin used in modeling of human cutaneous tissue spectroscopic measurements

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Laser-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy provides excellent possibilities for medical diagnostics of different tissue pathologies including cancer. However, to create the whole picture of pathological changes, investigators collect spectral information from patients in vivo or they study different tumor models to obtain objective information for fluorescent properties of every kind of healthy and diseased tissue. Therefore, it is very important to find the most appropriate, and close to the human skin, animal samples from the fluorescence point of view, which will allow the extrapolation of the animal data to human spectroscopic diagnostics. METHODS: In the present work, we examined the autofluorescence properties of different animal skin tissues, which are considered as the most common skin models. A nitrogen laser was used as an excitation source. Samples of healthy mouse, chicken and pig skin in vivo and/or ex vivo were studied and were compared with results obtained from investigations of healthy human skin in vivo. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Specific features of the recorded spectra are discussed and the possible origin of the obtained fluorescence signals is proposed. Quantitative evaluation of data extrapolation for each skin type is also depicted.     

血红素抑制内皮细胞损伤的形态学观察

目的 探讨血红素对人脐静脉内皮细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用。方法 将培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞进行分组：对照组、损伤组、血红素组。观察各组细胞在光、电镜下形态学的改变。结果 在光镜下，血红素组细胞的生长状态明显优于损伤组；在电镜下，损伤组细胞核固缩，而血红素组细胞核幼稚，核仁明显。结论 在人脐静脉内皮细胞中，血红素对过氧化氢所造成的氧化应激损伤有明显的保护作用。     

Genetics in multiple sclerosis: past and future perspectives

The enormous development in the field of molecular genetics during the last decades has lead to optimism concerning the possibilities for identifying the causes of multiple sclerosis (MS) through genetic studies. However, we have learned that dense mapping of large sample sets is needed, which only can be achieved through large collaborative studies. The contribution from each yet unidentified gene is probably weaker than that of the well established human leukocyte antigen association. The ultimate goal of the search for susceptibility genes in MS is to develop diagnostic tools and better treatments that can prevent or reduce the development of symptoms of this often devastating disease.     

Kidney Transplantation in Patients with Antibodies against Donor HLA Class II

The immunologic risk associated with donor-specific antibodies (DSA) against Class II human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of KTx when DSA was detected only against HLA Class II. To isolate the impact of anti-Class II DSA, we retrospectively analyzed 12 KTx recipients who at baseline had a positive B-cell flow cytometric crossmatch (FXM) and a negative T-cell FXM. Using alloantibody specification analysis, 58.3% (7/12) had DSA against donor Class II and 41.7% had no demonstrable DSA. Biopsy-proven AMR occurred in 57% (4/7) in the Class II(+) group and 0% in the Class II(-) group (p > 0.05). Peritubular capillaries stained positive for C4d in 86% (6/7) of the Class II(+) patients and in 40% (2/5) of the Class II(-) patients (p > 0.05). One patient in the Class II(+) group lost their graft at 3 months to accelerated transplant glomerulopathy, while all other grafts were functioning 3-37 months posttransplant despite the persistence of anti-Class II DSA. We conclude that KTx recipients with clearly defined anti-Class II DSA are at risk for humoral rejection suggesting that desensitization and/or close posttransplant monitoring may be needed to prevent AMR.     

肝硬化大鼠肝部分切除术后肝再生的干预研究

目的　以肝硬化大鼠为动物模型 ,研究药物对肝硬化大鼠肝部分切除术后肝再生的影响。方法　取健康的Wistar雄性大鼠 6 4只 ,以 6 0 ?l4油溶液 0 .3ml/ 10 0 g皮下注射 ,同时饮用 5 %酒精溶液 ,4 5d后制成肝硬化动物模型。模型大鼠随机分为 4组 ,16只 /组。全麻下均行左、中叶肝切除术。术后各组按以下方案处理 :A组 (对照组 )注射生理盐水 1mg/ (kg·d) ,B组为泮托拉唑组 ,注射 0 .2mg/ (kg·d) ,C组为重组人生长激素组 ,注射 0 .5U/ (kg·d) ,D组为两药合用组 ,同时给予泮托拉唑注射 0 .2mg/ (kg·d) ,重组人生长激素注射 0 .5U/ (kg·d) ) ,连续给药 1周。抽取静脉血样 ,取肝脏组织 ,检测肝功能、有丝分裂指数 (MI)、增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)、细胞核DNA含量。结果　泮托拉唑组、重组人生长激素组、两药合用组MI、PCNA阳性染色细胞量、细胞核DNA含量均高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,两药合用组MI、PCNA阳性染色细胞量、细胞核DNA含量均高于泮托拉唑组、重组人生长激素组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但各组间肝功能变化无明显差异。结论　泮托拉唑组及重组人生长激素均对肝硬化大鼠肝部分切除术后肝细胞再生有促进作用 ,两药联合应用肝细胞再生更明显 ,其详细机制须待进一步研究。     

人胎冠状动脉原位杂交c-myc和jun原癌基因表达

目的研究原癌基因c-myc和jun在人胎冠状动脉发育过程中的表达与平滑肌细胞增殖的关系.方法用原位杂交方法检测,胎龄分别为16周、22周(因治疗需要引产)的胎儿和意外死亡的足月胎儿冠状动脉前降支c-myc mRNA和jun mRNA的表达水平.杂交反应产物用图像分析仪(MIAS300)作定量分析.结果C-myc mRNA原位杂交反应产物与被测血管区域面积的百分比在16周、22周和足月胎儿分别是70、56和10;Jun mRNA的杂交信反应产物与被测血管区域面积的百分比在这三个时期分别是68、53和8.两个原癌基因在不同阶段的表达均具有显著性差异.结论本实验首次报道c-myc和jun在人胎冠状动脉发育过程中平滑肌的表达图型,c-myc和jun在胎儿冠状动脉平滑肌细胞增殖和内膜的形成过程中可能具有重要的调控作用.     

外周血人类斯钙素1基因表达与消化道恶性肿瘤微转移关系的研究

目的：探讨靶基因人类斯钙素1(hSTC—1)在消化道恶性肿瘤患者外周血中的表达以及与肿瘤微转移的关系。方法：采用RT—PCR方法检测69例消化道恶性肿瘤患者外周血中的人类斯钙素1(hSTC—1)mRNA，12例健康成人、4例妊娠期妇女、14例消化道炎症疾病患者，并检测12例消化道恶性肿瘤患者手术中新鲜组织标本中的hSTC—1 mRNA。结果：69例消化道恶性肿瘤患者外周血中，食管癌组hSTC—lmRNA的阳性率为52．9％(9／17例)，胃癌组的阳性率为57．7％(15／26例)，大肠癌组的阳性率为53．8％(14／26例)，消化道恶性肿瘤患者手术中新鲜组织标本的阳性率为100％(12／12例)；而健康成人、妊娠期妇女、消化道炎症疾病患者外周血中无1例出现阳性。将肿瘤患者hSTC-1 mRNA检测结果与临床病理结合分析发现：外周血中的hSTC-1m RNA的表达与肿瘤的浸润深度、临床病理分期、淋巴结转移有显著相关性。结论：应用RT—PCR方法检测消化道恶性肿瘤患者外周血中的hSTC—1m RNA具有较高的敏感性和特异性，可成为检测肿瘤外周血微转移的一个新指标。     

Pharmacological studies on siculine syrup. II: effects on smooth,skeletal and cardiovascular muscle preparations

Earlier pharmacological screening showed that siculine syrup (a traditional herbal remedy purported to be useful in the prevention and treatment of sickle cell pain – crises, due to sickle cell anaemia – SCA) had antisickling and analgesic activities as well as antimicrobial and diuretic effects. SCA is an important haemoglobinopathy in Africa and many other communities/countries worldwide, with relatively high morbidity and mortality. The present study was to determine the effects of the extract on various isolated muscle preparations – smooth, skeletal and cardiovascular. Siculine (4–20 µg/mL), like acetylcholine (40–400 µg/mL), contracted the isolated rat uterus concentration dependently. Similar effects were observed with the guinea‐pig ileum and rabbit jejunum (2–20 µg/mL). In contrast to these effects, the direct (muscle) and indirect (nerve) stimulations of rat phrenic nerve–diaphragm were relaxed by siculine (4 and 8 µg/mL) and d ‐tubocurarine (0.8 µg/mL). Siculine also concentration‐dependently decreased both the rate and force of contraction of guinea‐pig atria and rabbit heart and also resulted in a fall in cat blood pressure in a manner similar to those of acetylcholine. The possible therapeutic and/or toxicological consequences of these effects including the hypotensive activity is noteworthy since siculine syrup is used by the local population for the prevention and treatment of sickle cell pain crises. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人血清载脂蛋白A-I的分离、纯化及其测定

用超离心法制备人血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL);甲醇/氯仿脱脂;经Sephadex G-150层析及DEAE-纤维素(DE-52)离子交换得纯化载脂蛋白A-I(Apo A-I),免疫新西兰兔,获得效价为1:32的特异性抗人Apo A-I抗血清。用本室建立的单向火箭免疫电泳法测定了158名健康中年人与9名老人的血清Apo A—I含量,结果发现:β-脂蛋白<5g/L,总胆固醇<2mmol/L的人血清Apo A-I含量男女分别为2.06±0.16g/L和2.07±0.15g/L;而β脂蛋白≥5g/L,总胆固醇≥2mmol/L的人血清Apo A-I含量男女分别为1.75±0.15g/L和1.82±0.1g/L,由此可见,血脂正常的男性和女性的Apo A—I含量均显著高于血脂高的男性和女性。80岁以上老年人的血清Apo A-I含量为2.1±0.1g/L,也在正常范围。与文献报道比较,我国人的血清Apo A-I含量高于外国人,这与我国人HDL水平较外国人高一致。